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History of children's choirs



Etymologically, the term means choir school "singers in the morning" at the Renaissance

, training related to children's choirs in the parish of a cathedral singing at church services. The masters were schools that offered children a musical education member high level but also a solid general education and religion. They were therefore particularly popular with families who can afford to enroll their children. The vast majority of musicians of the time were trained at these schools. Several big names in music history have made their initial ranges, as

Johann Sebastian Bach, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

, Schubert
..


From the fourth century to the eighth century
In


313, the Edict of Milan

promulgated by the Roman Emperor Constantine
recognizes the right of Christians to practice their religion and makes
Christianity a state religion. Therefore, Christians are beginning to organize their liturgy to settle in Roman society. They quickly understood the importance of music at liturgies and are beginning to take an interest in choral singing and the training of choristers. From that moment, the Roman popes have maintained their chorus of singers trained.
is not known exactly when the first music schools, or masters were created, but it has documents that describe the purity of the voices of children from the middle of the sixth century. Under the pontificate of Pope Saint Gregory

at the end of the century, are developing the first choir structured

Rome, a kind of preserve the Roman liturgical chant.
At the end of the eighth century, Charlemagne

dream of rebuilding the Holy Roman Empire of the West dismantled during the barbarian invasions, to counter the growing influence of the Byzantine Empire
. He wants to include a cultural renaissance of the West and for this purpose based on the Church only permanent structure of the former empire and only force capable of spreading the culture by means of education and evangelization. It creates school link to the parishes, monasteries and dioceses, which master's education are an integral part of the song. It is in these schools that are born early

polyphonic masses and the art of counterpoint

, laying the foundations of what would become western music. The first French control was established at Amiens in 1324, followed by Senlis in 1349, St Quentin in 1356 and Beauvais in 1369.



Renaissance

In
Renaissance, the excellence of the musical is played between four chapels: that of the Pope in Rome, the King of France, the King of England and the Dukes of Burgundy and Count of Flanders . At that time these schools produce some big names in music then: Janequin or Roland de Lassus . The Masters were very elitist: recruitment is made by high-level competitions. Children winners received a strict upbringing and comprehensive learning discipline, catechism, grammar, Latin and of course the vocal and instrumental music. The church provided the local schools and maintain them. The singers were of course bound to provide the various liturgical services throughout the year. On leaving school after molting, the young people attending university and career were either in church or at the king's court. Thus the master Were coveted middle-class families because they ensured a bright future for selected children. In the seventeenth century, the importance of master gradually decreased in the liturgies, replaced by the instrumentation. In addition, the maintenance of these schools was expensive and few parishes could afford in these difficult times for the Church.

The French Revolution In France, the Revolution would get rid of religious symbols: the Masters were suppressed by law 1791, then replaced by the Paris Conservatoire, centralized structure aimed at better control education music. If some masters were timidly resumed after the Revolution, it was not until the Concordat

and especially Restoration for the Church to find the financial means manage these schools. The nineteenth century The first half of the nineteenth century was difficult to master, sometimes encouraged by state subsidies, now left to fend for themselves or even attacked based on the current political regime, the Church no longer afford to manage all that
Middle Ages. Smaller structures disappeared completely. Larger survived at the cost of social reorganization: unable to ensure the overall education of its members children, they are quartered in their musical training, in addition of education provided in other structures. The second half of the nineteenth century saw a renaissance masters degrees in more modern forms: new courses were built. They remained, however, very elitist and recruited only by competition.
The twentieth century In 1906, two students founded the hearts of Little Singers of the Wooden Cross independently of any church or cathedral, breaking the old tradition. It was designed as a mobile training, ranging from church to church, across France, in order to inform sacred music and the uniqueness of children's voices. From
1931, under the leadership of Father Fernand Maillet
, the choir began to tour around the world. The unprecedented success of the Little Singers of Wood gave a new impetus to choral singing for children: many choirs began to emerge all over Europe after the Second World War, which was given the choir school name, borrowing an old term used for religious services. The organization of these choirs is taking new forms: first composed exclusively of boys - the mix will not appear until around the year 1970

- they took the children outside school hours, during weekends, Thursdays (when holidays for children) and holidays. Management and organization of the choir concerts and tours are largely provided by volunteers near the structure (adult choir desks man, parents of former choir members, friends, etc..). Many older traditional masters eventually adopt this type of operation. This growth became a reality in the years 1950 in the movement of Pueri Cantores, organized into a federation of same name, which still exists today. Most of the choir school (but not all) are religious, more or less part of a religious structure as a parish or college, and continue to provide liturgies. They are characterized by a value of volunteering and a certain ideology: brotherhood among the choir, the importance of work, beauty of song, building a better world, etc.. In France, from the years 1980 the state began to promote choral singing by allowing certain organizations and adaptations of school time for children wishing to work in a choir. Despite this, attendance at choir school was becoming increasingly rare in the late 90s. Scandals of sexual abuse found in some children's choirs as well as in the Catholic Church has contributed much to the desertion of these structures at a time when pedophilia

became a burning social issue. In 2004


, the unprecedented success of the film Les Choristes caused sudden and significant increase in applications for registration with children's choirs. It is not known yet if

2006 a simple epiphenomenon or a true revival, strong and durable. The children's choirs today recent years the choir of children experiencing a revival, particularly in France

since the success of the film Les Choristes in

2004.
This section is blank, incomplete or not detailed enough.

Your help is welcome!

The voices of children Some famous choirs
Mastering the ENMD Chartres Founded in 1992 and led the choir
Philippe Fremont who is also
choirmaster of the cathedral of Chartres , has won the Masters in 2005 1st prize at the International Choral Festival in Verona and choir was awarded a special jury prize. The Master has also performed in Germany, Portugal, Japan, Italy, ... It consists of a children's choir for 2 years but a choir of adults and adolescents (former (nes) maîtrisiens (nes)) thereby expanding the repertoire. The latter is very varied; Bach, Haydn, Mozart, Mendelssohn, Britten, Messiaen and so on. The Master has also made numerous recordings. Choir of Leipzig
(choir of St. Thomas Church in Leipzig) [edit ] The Tölzer Knabenchor (Tölz Boys Choir) [
edit] Choir
German based today ' hui

Munich in Bavaria . It was created in Bad Tölz 1956 by Gerhard Schmidt-Gaden
, which is still the choir . The reliability and quality musical of his performances are a children's choirs in the world's most famous. His repertoire is mainly

baroque and classical , German and Austrian ( Bach, Schütz

, Haydn, Mozart, etc..) But also includes other directories (Renaissance, Romantic and contemporary), and that of traditional German songs. The choir is composed exclusively of boys (soprano and alto) and young men (tenor and bass). Both
disk that concert, Tölzer Knabenchor was led by many conductors
famous John Eliot Gardiner as
, Nikolaus Harnoncourt , Herbert von Karajan , Gustav Leonhardt , Bruno Weil
, Michael Gielen, Sylvain Cambreling ,
Claudio Abbado. He regularly tours extensively throughout the world. The choir is able to provide at short notice to any opera house of the soloists for the 3 boys The Magic Flute, Apollo and Hyacinth, Bastien and Bastienne, Love in Orfeo ed Euridice, the little shepherds of Tosca or Tannhäuser, the bird of the forest in Siegfried, in Pelléas Yniold, etc..
The Vienna Choir Boys (Vienna Boys Choir) Vienna Boys Choir Vienna Choir Boys The , based in Vienna , is one of the oldest and most prestigious children's choirs since he Founded in 1498 by Emperor Maximilian, who wished to hear the voices of children among the official court musicians.
The choir has trained many musicians and famous conductors as Michael Haydn, Franz Schubert or Hans Richter . He also worked with major figures in the history Music Composer: Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber , Mozart, Salieri ,
Anton Bruckner, Wilhelm Furtwängler and more. Today the choir consists of about a hundred choristers , all boys between ten and fourteen, divided into four formations. He toured extensively throughout the world, in addition to traditional Masses sung every Sunday at the Imperial Chapel of Vienna. But training is not only a chorus: it has its own mixed school where two hundred and fifty children receive a complete education in addition to music education, from kindergarten to college, a baroque palace in Vienna, the Augartenpalais. Only the most talented boys join the school choir at the age of ten years. Maîtrise de Radio France [ edit] Choir French based
Paris and founded in 1946 . It is a mixed choir consisting of a hundred singers, whose repertoire is extensive: from the fifteenth century polyphony of
to
contemporary music. Founded in 1946 by Henry Barraud and the Mastery of David Maurice Radio France with the Orchestre National de France, Orchestre Philharmonique de Radio France and Radio France Choir, one of four teams standing at Radio France. addition to training high-level musical aimed at children aged nine and over, the Master Radio France offers the opportunity to participate in prestigious musical events under the direction of the greatest leaders.
It was originally the first experiences of the so-called half-time teaching applied to arts education. Chorus of children and adolescents, the Master's mission is to represent and defend the French choral repertoire and foster the creation, particularly in interpreting works commissioned for him by Radio France by composers such as Jorge Antunes, Iannis Xenakis and Patrick Burgan. His eclectic repertoire ranges from the fifteenth century polyphony to contemporary music and musical comedy, a cappella works to large-size partitions. He illustrates his ability to adapt to the most varied styles and expressions broadest choirs. The Master
occurred in Europe, Asia and North America. She gained international recognition. In 1995 she received the first Golden Orpheus music lyric assigned a children's choir, for the creation of the oratorio Nguyen Tien Dao Children Izieu. The Master Radio Francee Sympaatti was present at the festival in Finland.

Maîtrise de Radio France.
The Little Singers of the Wooden Cross Choir French created in 1906 and composed only of boys, this training is also a general school for his singers, from elementary through college . After more than 20 years in a castle in Glaignes, they moved to Paris in 2006, being housed and partially funded by the municipality. The choir's repertoire was originally composed entirely of polyphonic music of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries Jean Mouton, Josquin des Pres
,
Palestrina, Victoria
or Roland de Lassus . Have been added since many parts of contemporary authors, sometimes specially composed for the Choir: Darius Milhaud, Francis Poulenc
or Arthur Honegger, and a secular repertoire of popular songs French or foreign. The chorus of Little Singers Wood is one of the most famous in the world, especially popular in Asia. He performs regularly toured throughout the France and the world. Its success and so very original operation have caused a real boom in children's choirs in Europe from the end of the Second World War, which took concrete form in the creation of the Federation of Pueri Cantores to which the Abbe Mallet, head of the choir, contributed significantly. Article detailed filmography: Manécanterie Little Singers of the Wooden Cross



The Knabenchor Hannover


German
This chorus, led by Jörg Breding now based in Hanover in 1950 by Heinz Hennig (1927-2002), won renown for his participation in recording the complete cantatas of Bach under the direction of Gustav Leonhardt
.
The Boys Choir of Saint-Marc Choir French, made particularly famous by the film Les Choristes in
2004. Children's Choir Sotto Voce Led by choir director Scott Alan Prouty U.S. , this children's choir is composed of 60 singers aged 9 to 17. Considered "one of the children's choir's most dynamic and inventive in France today," the children's choir Sotto Voce is in residence at the Theatre du Chatelet in Paris. In 11 years of existence, the choir has acquired a wide repertoire and has attracted diverse audiences at over 300 concerts in the Paris region in France and abroad. Most children play an instrument and studying music theory in a music conservatory. The chorus repeats twice a week and works regularly singing, vocal technique, body language, dance and theater since 2001 and obtained the sponsorship of the Orange Foundation and support from the Ministries of Culture and Education National and in 2005 the support of the DRAC and Fund Action SACEM. Small Chanteurs du Mont-Royal Founded in Montreal in
1956 by Father Leandre Brault, control of small Chanteurs du Mont-Royal are currently 170 boys aged 9-17 years. At its core business, or participation in religious services of St. Joseph Oratory , were added over the years numerous concerts, recordings and international tours. His diverse repertoire ranges from Gregorian chant
to
contemporary works. Member of the International Federation of Pueri Cantores, it is now one of the best children's choirs in America. Musical direction control is provided since 1978 by Gilbert Patenaude.


Boys Choir Basel The Escolania of Montserrat Abbey Benedictine Montserrat is located in Catalonia

, about thirty miles from Barcelona . A children's choir there appeared at least to the late twelfth century. This tradition, which was never interrupted, was resumed and carried to a great degree of perfection by the father Ireneu Segarra, director of the Voice Choir from 1953 to 1997.
The Kreuzchor The Dresden Dresdner Kreuzchor is located
Dresden in Saxony in eastern Germany. This is one of the children's choirs of Europe's oldest. He performs regularly at the Kreuzkirche in Dresden and on tour in Germany, the United States, Canada, Israel and Japan. The choir consists of 140 choristers aged 9-19 years. It is headed by Roderich Kreile.
King's College Choir, Cambridge Choir
founded by King Henry VI in the fifteenth century, it consists of 16 choristers who sing daily in the chapel of King's College of Cambridge. The choir also performs on tour in the UK and abroad. It is directed by Stephen Cleobury.



The Choir of New College Oxford Some children famous soloists Since the late twentieth century of soloists of children's choirs are sometimes noticed by the public and follow a musical career independently before moulting. Here are some of the most famous: Sebastian Hennig
, soprano soloist
Knabenchor of Hannover in the 1980s. He has performed a version of the Stabat Mater of Pergolesi
with Rene Jacobs
, disc that was one of the largest classical music sales last twenty years in France
. Aled Jones , Welsh soprano during the 1980s Panajot Iconomou , alto Tölzer Knabenchor (soloist in the Mass in B minor
under the direction of Andrew Parrott
and several cantatas and the St. John Passion
of Bach under the direction of Nikolaus Harnoncourt
)
Christian Fliegner , soprano Tölzer Knabenchor (late 1980s to 1991)
Liam O'Kane , soloist of the choir Libera English
Jack Ellison, soloist of the choir of New College Oxford
Jean-Baptiste Maunier , soloist
soprano of the Little Singers of Saint Marc, chosen to interpret the character of Pierre Morhange in the film Les Choristes in 2004
: the fame of the film will the singer.

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